The life of a stroke patient can change from one minute to the next. A stroke can be accompanied by a range of different symptoms:
Weakness or paralysis (hemiparesis/hemiplegia) of one side of the body or individual parts of the body is one of the most common symptoms and often the main one; many times this is what the patient notices first. Suddenly, they may no longer be able to lift their arm or they may fall because their leg won’t support them anymore. These are serious warning signs!
Often, sensation is reduced in one half or individual parts of the body. Other common symptoms include a tingling or unpleasant sensation on the affected side.
The ability to speak and swallow can also be impaired resulting in adaptation to allow for feeding and nutrition. For example, a nasogastric tube could be necessary to feed the patient on a temporary basis or, if permanent assistance is required, a stomach tube may need to be surgically inserted.
Cognitive performance, retentiveness, and memory function can be reduced. The patient’s personality may change as well. Depression is common, as the patient will need time to get used to the physical impairments, limitations, and other changes they are experiencing.
The ability to act and plan might be reduced. Some patients may no longer be able to use daily objects as intended. For example, they may put their undershirt over their shirt.
Another common problem in the period immediately after a stroke is incontinence. Some patients might struggle to retain urine or cannot retain urine at all. Some may require a permanent urinary catheter, because bladder function can remain reduced. Bowel function can also be affected.
Body perception of the affected side can be reduced. Patients may no longer feel stimuli applied to the affected side. In severe cases, the patient might even “neglect” the affected side completely. Some patients even “forget” that the affected side of their body exists.